Auckland, located in the north of New Zealand's North Island, enjoys a warm-temperate climate.
This means warm summers and cool damp winters. Rainfall is moderate, with the wettest season being winter (Jun, Jul, Aug) and the driest season bring summer (Dec, Jan, Feb). Moderate sunshine hours are experienced (around 2100 hours per year). Due to Auckland being located on an isthmus (a narrow piece of land with sea on either side) the weather is highly variable across the region. The Tasman Sea lies to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. Topographic features also adds to the climate variability.
Daytime temperatures in summer usually range from 21-27°C. Most areas seldom reach 30°C or higher. The record high was set in Henderson (west Auckland) in 1998, and is 33.1°C. Night time temperatures in summer usually range from 13-19°C, although humid lows of 20-22°C can occur. In winter, unsettled weather prevails. Daytime highs average about 14°C. A daytime high under 10°C is fairly uncommon. On clear winter nights, some areas of the region experience frost, usually light. Other parts are almost frost-free. The lowest air temperature recorded was -2.5°C at Owairaka.
The average annual rainfall is about 1200mm, but varies between 1000-1500mm across the region. The highest parts of the Waitakere Ranges recieve 2000mm per year. Long dry spells are to be expected in summer, but major drought conditions are unusual. Heavy rain occurs often but is usually brief and causes no problems. However there are times when torrential rain can be sustained over small areas - usually the cause of this is sea breezes convergence. Notable events include 107mm in 1 hour at Whenuapai (west Auckland) on 16 Feb 1966, and 109mm in 1 hour at Leigh (north Auckland) on 30 May 2001.
Severe weather events are not too common. A deep depression may bring rain and high winds several times per year but usually there is only minor damage. Occasionally extra-tropical cyclones (former tropical cyclones) affect the country. These are major events especially if they make a direct hit. Snow is extremely rare - the only recorded instances of snow settling down to sea level were in July 1939 and a few flakes were observed in some areas in Aug 2011. Thunder is heard on about 15 days per year. Most of the thunderstorms tend to occur in the west during unsettled conditions moving in from the Tasman Sea. Severe thunderstorms are not common. Auckland is considered one of the hot spots for tornadoes in New Zealand although these are often weak isolated incidents. Any hail which occurs is usually small, although on the rare occasion there are isolated falls of larger hail.
The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) often affects the weather patterns. An El Nino pattern often results in more W and SW winds, average to below average temperatures, and lower rainfall overall. A La Nina pattern usually results in wetter conditions, more NE winds, and average to above average temperatures.